I often (a couple times a month) have to sort an array of arrays by some arbitrary value located in the internal array. For example, I might want to sort the following structure by name.

   Array[0] {
      Array[0] {
         id => 1
         name => mike
         age => 20
      }

      Array[1] {
         id => 2
         name => bob
         age: 21
      }
   }

I want the same structure returned, but the array containing ‘bob’ in it’s name key must appear first in the array. PHP’s sort() function is insuffficient in this case, it sorts by the first key of each internal array (i.e. ‘id’ in this case).

The solution is to use usort(), which allows for a custom compare function to be used.

   function cmp($x, $y) {
      if ($x[1] == $y[1]) {
         return 0;
      } //if

      return ($x[1] > $y[1]) ? 1 : -1;
      //or return strcmp($x[1], $y[1]);
   } //cmp

   usort($array, 'cmp');

usort() takes the provided function name and uses it as the compare function between two elements. This also allows you to sort by multiple fields, if the first two fields are equal you can drop down to checking another field, and so on.

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CakePHP is an awesome MVC (Model-View-Controller) framework for PHP 4 and 5 - it provides a great base to build your web application on, and can save you a huge amount of time if used correctly.

Unfortunately, the manual is sometimes lacking - whilst the information you need might be there, you probably will not be able to find it because it’s hidden away in some random corner. I’m going to cover a few common questions (in my opinion) here.

How do I turn off the automatic database connection?

Sometimes you want a controller and model that don’t have any mapping to the database - for example, a static page controller. Cake complains unless you have a correctly named table in the database when you view the page.

Add this line to your model file to disable this feature:

   var $useTable = false;

How do I turn off auto-layout rendering?

Cake also automatically lays out your controller methods into the default layout - you might want to turn this off if the controller deals with AJAX calls and returns simple responses, or simply if you want to make use of print and print_r.

At the top of your controller, inside the class, add:

   var $autoRender = false;

You can also disable this per method, as far as I know.

Additionally, Cake comes with a AJAX layout in the core that returns the template file without the default layout. You can use it by specifying the render function in the last line of your method (e.g. for function myAction()):

   $this->render('myAction', 'ajax');

Where do I put application-wide code?

Create a file called app_controller.php in your app directory:

project/app/app_controller.php

   <?php
      class AppController extends Controller {
         //code
      } //AppController
   ?>

This file overrides the default app controller that each of your controller’s extends, thus you can add any code here that you want all of your controllers to see.

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